In the hold up The Irish In America, Carl Wi
business leader John, who visited Ireland in 1210, established there a civil government independent of the feudal lords, and during the 13th century it became more to the full organized. An Irish exchequer had been set up in 1200, and a chancery followed in 1232.
The country was divided into counties for administrative purposes, English law was introduced, and serious attempts were made to reduce the feudal liberties of the Anglo-Norman baronage. (Counties were civil administration districts, whereas liberties were lands held in the personal control of aristocratic families and the church.) fan tan started in Ireland, as in England; in 1297 the peers and prelates were joined by representatives of counties, and in 1300 the towns also sent members. But these represented the Anglo-Irish only; the native Irish, to some extent resurgent in Ulster under(a) the O'Neills and O'Donnells and in southwest Munster under the MacCarthys, were aloof and unrepresented.
Between 1641-1653, the Catholic Church played a leading role in the armed insurrection by Catholics against Protestants in Ulster, and in an Irish Catholic military alliance with King Charles I against parliament during England's Civil War.
For the history of Ireland before 1603, see Ireland: history to 1154, Ireland: history 1154 to 1485, and Ireland: history 1485 to 1603.
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