The signs and symptoms of mitral valve prolapse vary, and include sharp, leftfield-sided pain in the chest, pounding in the chest, fatigue, or an irregular heart beat, swelling of the ankles, difficulty breathing, and unruffled in the lungs. The conditions is rarely fatal. Diagnosis is made during the physical interrogatory in which the physician may hear a clicking fathom and/or a heart murmur. An echocardiogram is the best diagnostic canvass for mitral valve prolapse. It gives a two-dimensional image of the heart size, position, motion, its chambers, and its valves.
mitral valve surgery is performed using a median sternotomy and incision of the left atrium (Fitzgerald, 1998). In this technique the chest is easily opened and closed, the good heart is readily introductionible, the excellent visualization of the areas allows for an easy cardiopulmonary bypass. Reoperation can be done using the same approach. A newer technique of minimally invasive mitral valve repair and rehabilitation can be achieved using a ministernotomy, transverse hemisternotomy, parasternal incision, or a minithoracotomy. However, these approaches restrict visualization, the quality of the surgery, effective cardiopulmonary bypass, and ample myocardial protection. Video-assisted endoscopic techniques are also being explored in France.
Port-access mitral valve surgery allows valve repair or re
Strong Heart and vascular Center. (2004). Mitral valve commutation surgery. Available:
A single port is made for access to the heart, and a second one for the thorascope. Once the right lung is inflated, surgical instruments are inserted and the pericardium is opened. The catheters for the mitral valve replacement system are fit(p) using fluoroscopy and TEE guidance. The endovascular pulmonary artery venting catheter is passed via a jugular vein into the pulmonary artery to decompress the heart, and the coronary sinus cardioplegia catheter positioned in the coronary sinus to occlude the coronary sinus and deliver the cardioplegia solution for cooling and arresting the heart.
The endovascular triple-lumen inflate-tipped catheter is positioned by dint of the femoral artery, and its tip is position fluoroscopically in the ascending aorta. The distal end is connected to the balloon-inflation and aortic root pressure-monitoring lines. The expanded balloon blocks blood flow in the aorta.
Post-operatively, patients are transferred to ICU for an overnight stay, with pain controlled by IV morphine or fentanyl if indispensable (Brown, 1998). The patient needs to be out of bed and sit in a chair three times a mean solar daytimetime for 15 to 30 minutes on post-operative day one, and walking around the room with assistance. The cardiac rehabilitation squad will assess rehabilitation needs for the patient and depart postoperative education. Diet is advanced as tolerated, and on post-operative day two, walking in the hall is initiated. The case manager evaluates the patient's family unit health care needs. If the patient is hemodynamically stable with no arrhythmias, the walk wires are removed on day three, and the patient should be walking in the hallway three times a day. Telemetry monitoring can be discontinued on day four, and the patient should be independently ambulatory, and ready for discharge on day five. Discharge planning should include home care, legal action level, pain con
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